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Psychology Terms A–Z

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EEG (Electroencephalography)뇌전도

A test method that measures the brain's electrical activity by attaching electrodes to the scalp. It's a tool that allows real-time observation of the brain's current state.

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Dopamine도파민

A brain neurotransmitter associated with reward, motivation, and pleasure.

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Parietal Lobe두정엽

Located in the upper part of the brain, the parietal lobe processes touch, spatial awareness, and bodily sensations. It helps you know where your body is and how the surrounding space is arranged.

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Mentoring멘토링

Mentoring is a relationship where an experienced person (mentor) helps a less experienced person (mentee) grow and develop.

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Myelin미엘린

Myelin is an insulating layer that wraps around a neuron's axon, helping nerve signals travel faster.

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Limbic System변연계

The limbic system is a collection of brain structures responsible for emotions, memory, and motivation.

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Insomnia불면증

Insomnia is a condition where a person has difficulty falling asleep, wakes up frequently during the night, or wakes too early and cannot get enough sleep.

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Receptor수용체

A special structure on the surface of nerve cells that neurotransmitters bind to in order to pass along signals. When the right chemical attaches to a receptor, it triggers a specific response inside the cell.

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Synapse시냅스

The connection point between two neurons where signals are transmitted from one cell to the next.

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Aphasia실어증

Aphasia is an acquired language disorder caused by brain damage that impairs the ability to speak, understand, read, or write. It does not affect intelligence — the person's thoughts remain intact, but accessing and expressing language becomes difficult.

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Agonist작용제

An agonist is a substance that binds to a receptor and activates it, producing a biological response — like a key that fits a lock and turns it.

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Reuptake재흡수

Reuptake is the process by which a neuron reabsorbs the neurotransmitters it released, serving as an important mechanism for regulating signal transmission.

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Frontal Lobe전두엽

The largest region of the brain, located at the front, responsible for higher-order cognitive functions such as thinking, planning, decision-making, and emotional regulation. It's the area that makes us uniquely 'ourselves.'

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Temporal Lobe측두엽

A region of the brain located near the ears that plays a crucial role in auditory processing, language comprehension, and memory formation.

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Trolling트롤링

Trolling is the act of deliberately posting provocative or offensive content online in order to provoke an emotional reaction from others. The person who engages in this behavior is called a 'troll.'

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Amygdala편도체

The amygdala is an almond-shaped brain structure in the temporal lobe that serves as the brain's primary threat-detection system, triggering fear responses and strengthening emotional memories.

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Phantom Pain환상통

Phantom pain is when a person feels pain or sensation in a body part that has been amputated and no longer exists. It happens because the brain still retains a 'memory' of that body part.

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Grey Matter회백질

Grey matter is the part of the brain and spinal cord where the cell bodies of neurons are concentrated, responsible for processing information and making judgments. It is where our thoughts, emotions, and memories are created.

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Occipital Lobe후두엽

The occipital lobe is the region located at the very back of the brain, serving as the core center for processing visual information. Our ability to 'see' the world begins right here.

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Emotional Brain감정의 뇌

The emotional brain refers to the collection of brain regions involved in feeling and processing emotions. Centered around the limbic system, structures like the amygdala and hippocampus work together to create our emotional experiences.

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Exercise and the Brain운동과 뇌

Regular physical exercise has remarkable positive effects on the structure and function of the brain. Exercise greatly helps improve mood, enhance memory, and reduce stress.

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Social Brain Hypothesis사회적 뇌 가설

The Social Brain Hypothesis proposes that the human brain grew so large primarily to manage the complex social relationships we form with others.

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Digital Wellbeing디지털 웰빙

Digital wellbeing means using technology in a healthy, balanced way to maintain psychological health. It's about enjoying the benefits of technology while minimizing its negative effects.

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Broca's Area브로카 영역

The brain region that helps us produce spoken language.

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Sleep and Memory수면과 기억

Sleep plays a core role in storing and organizing memories — this is a well-established finding in brain science.

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Screen Time스크린 타임

Screen time refers to the hours spent looking at screens such as smartphones, computers, and TVs. Excessive screen time can have negative effects on both mental and physical health.

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circadian rhythm일주기 리듬

The body’s roughly 24-hour internal clock that helps regulate sleep, energy, and daily body functions.

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circadian rhythm disorders일주기 리듬 장애

Sleep problems that happen when the body clock is out of sync with daily life.

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Default Mode Network (DMN)디폴트 모드 네트워크

The Default Mode Network is a brain network that becomes active when you're resting and not focused on any task, and it's involved in self-reflection and daydreaming.

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PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography)양전자 방출 단층촬영

A brain imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to observe brain activity and metabolism in real time. It shows how the brain is actually working at any given moment.

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Leadership Style리더십 스타일

Leadership style refers to the way a leader guides their team, and it has a major impact on members' motivation and performance.

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Cyberpsychology사이버 심리학

Cyberpsychology is a meaningful concept in psychology that helps us understand ourselves and others better. It's an important part of emotional well-being and personal growth.

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Synaptic Plasticity시냅스 가소성

Synaptic plasticity is the brain's flexible ability to strengthen or weaken the connections (synapses) between nerve cells based on experience and learning.

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Online Identity온라인 정체성

Online identity is how you present and construct yourself on the internet and social media. It can be similar to or quite different from your offline self.

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Online Disinhibition Effect온라인 탈억제 효과

The Online Disinhibition Effect describes how people tend to behave more boldly or aggressively online than they would in person. Anonymity and the lack of face-to-face interaction weaken self-censorship.

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Synaptic Pruning시냅스 가지치기

Synaptic pruning is the brain's natural process of eliminating unused neural connections so it can work more efficiently. It helps strengthen the pathways we use most while clearing away the ones we don't.

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Inflammation and Mental Health염증과 정신건강

Chronic inflammation in the body is deeply linked to mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. The body and mind are connected as one.

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fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)기능적 자기공명영상

A brain imaging technique that shows brain activity in real time. It can reveal which parts of the brain become active when you experience certain thoughts or emotions.

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Pituitary Gland뇌하수체

A pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that secretes a wide range of hormones and oversees the body's entire hormonal system. It is often called the 'master gland' of the body.

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cerebral cortex대뇌피질

The outer layer of the brain that supports thinking, language, conscious awareness, and processing what we see, hear, and feel.

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Melatonin멜라토닌

Melatonin is a sleep hormone released when it gets dark, signaling your body that it's time to rest.

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Vagus Nerve미주신경

The vagus nerve is a long nerve running from the brain to the internal organs that regulates rest and relaxation responses.

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Serotonin세로토닌

A neurotransmitter involved in mood stabilization, sleep, and appetite regulation. Low serotonin activity is associated with depression and anxiety.

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Dendrite수상돌기

Dendrites are branch-like structures extending from a neuron that receive signals from other nerve cells. You can think of them as the brain's information-receiving antennas.

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Hypothalamus시상하부

The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain that regulates bodily homeostasis, including body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sleep.

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Neurodevelopment신경발달

Neurodevelopment refers to the entire process by which the brain and nervous system grow and mature from the fetal stage through adulthood. When this process unfolds healthily, cognition, emotion, and social skills develop well.

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Neuroception신경지각

The nervous system's automatic, subconscious process of scanning the environment for safety, danger, or life threat — happening below conscious awareness and shaping all social and emotional behaviour.

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Endorphin엔도르핀

Endorphins are the brain's natural painkillers that reduce pain and create feelings of pleasure.

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Oxytocin옥시토신

A hormone associated with love, bonding, and trust, often called the 'love hormone.' It plays a key role in strengthening emotional connections between people.

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Anterior Cingulate Cortex전대상회

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a brain region located between the frontal lobe and the limbic system. It plays a central role in conflict detection, emotional regulation, pain processing, and decision-making.

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