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Understanding the Mind

Rumination

Rumination

A thinking pattern in which negative thoughts or feelings are repeatedly revisited and dwelled upon.

Details

Rumination is a concept studied by Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, referring to the pattern of repeatedly thinking about negative experiences, emotions, and problems.

Rumination vs. Problem-Solving

Rumination may look like problem-solving thinking, but it does not actually lead to solving problems.

  • Rumination: 'Why did this happen? What did I do wrong?' (fixating on the past, analyzing causes)
  • Problem-Solving: 'What can I do right now?' (action-oriented)

    • Relationship with Depression

    Rumination is a core maintaining factor of depression. The more a person ruminates, the longer depressive episodes last and the higher the risk of relapse.

    Ways to Reduce Rumination

  • Use mindfulness to notice thought patterns
  • Ask yourself: 'Is this thought actually helping me right now?'
  • Behavioral activation: shift to physical or engaging activities

    • If you find yourself stuck in rumination, speaking with a counselor like Mindy can help you identify your patterns and develop healthier ways of processing difficult thoughts.

    💡 Real-Life Example

    Spending several hours continuously thinking, 'Why did I say that back then?'

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    Related Terms

    비전형 우울증
    인지 왜곡
    메타인지
    마음챙김

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    This content is for educational purposes and does not replace professional medical diagnosis.