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Lawrence Kohlberg

Lawrence Kohlberg

A pioneer of moral development theory who demonstrated that people's capacity for moral judgment develops in sequential stages. He extended Piaget's cognitive development theory into the domain of morality.

Details

Lawrence Kohlberg (1927–1987)

An American developmental psychologist and the founder of the Theory of Moral Development. Inspired by Piaget's cognitive development theory, he systematically studied how moral judgment develops over time.

The 6 Stages of Moral Development

Kohlberg divided moral development into 3 levels and 6 stages:

Pre-conventional Level

  • Stage 1 – Punishment and Obedience Orientation: Rules are followed to avoid punishment.
  • Stage 2 – Instrumental Relativism: What benefits oneself is considered right.
  • Conventional Level

  • Stage 3 – Good Boy/Girl Orientation: One tries to meet the expectations of those around them.
  • Stage 4 – Law and Order Orientation: Upholding social norms and laws is seen as right.
  • Post-conventional Level

  • Stage 5 – Social Contract Orientation: Laws can be changed through mutual agreement.
  • Stage 6 – Universal Ethical Principles: Judgments are based on universal principles such as justice and human rights.
  • The Heinz Dilemma

    Kohlberg used moral dilemma stories to measure people's level of moral reasoning. The most famous is the Heinz Dilemma: "Is it right to steal a drug to save one's wife?" What matters is not the answer itself, but the reasoning and justification behind the judgment.

    Criticisms

    Kohlberg's theory has been criticized for being Western and male-centric. Carol Gilligan argued that women's moral development centers on care and relationships rather than justice.

    From Mindy's Perspective

    Mindy finds much to learn from Kohlberg's research. Our sense of right and wrong can grow broader and deeper as we develop. Reflecting on your own values and moral judgments is an important part of personal growth.

    💡 Real-Life Example

    A child thinking 'I shouldn't lie because I'll get in trouble' gradually developing into an adult who thinks 'Honesty is the foundation of trust' — this progression is a classic example of moral development.

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    Lawrence Kohlberg (Lawrence Kohlberg) | 마음스캔 심리학 용어사전